Urban microclimate studies conducted in southern European cities have been documenting significant temperature differences between different urban zones. These investigations reveal variations of five to eight degrees between sun-exposed mineral surfaces and shaded areas beneath dense tree canopies, located near running water.
Researchers warn that this difference represents not just marginal thermal comfort, but a substantial distinction in living conditions. This data demonstrates the importance of green spaces and water bodies in the thermal regulation of cities, especially in regions with warmer climates.
