This is an opinion article by Nuno Fraga that presents a diagnosis of the PISA 2025 results, using the concept of "illusion of convergence" and "structural erosion". The text addresses the issue of the responsibility attributed to schools for students' academic outcomes.
The author argues that it is not legitimate to attribute to schools, in isolation, the responsibility for outcomes that depend on institutional, social and material conditions over which they do not have full control. This position suggests that the PISA 2025 results must be interpreted in light of factors external to the educational system.
