The justice system has evolved from a punitive approach to a rehabilitation approach, aiming at the social reintegration of individuals after serving their sentence. However, several factors have compromised the success of this process, including the consequences of the incarceration period itself, such as separation from family, job loss, and contact with criminal environments.
Studies indicate that the success of social reintegration depends on interconnected social, economic, and relational factors, among which housing and employment stand out. Stable housing is associated with a reduction in recidivism and greater well-being, while housing instability increases vulnerability to substance abuse and social exclusion. Employment provides financial security, contributes to identity development, self-esteem, and community participation.
Stigmatization has been identified as a significant obstacle to social reintegration, affecting opportunities for access to housing, employment, and social participation. These negative experiences can undermine self-esteem and limit opportunities for positive change, creating obstacles to desistance from crime.
Experts suggest that successful reintegration goes beyond preventing recidivism and involves developing a sense of belonging and citizenship in the community. Support should not begin only on the day of release, but rather during the detention period and continue after release.
