The successive energy crises, first the one caused by the Russian invasion of Ukraine and then the current one caused by the war in the Middle East, caused continuous oscillations in energy prices and in the bills paid by Spanish families and companies. The regulated electricity tariff, called voluntary price for the small consumer (PVPC), has been especially sensitive to the volatility of the electricity market.
The PVPC has suffered large price increase spikes in recent years, which caused a massive exodus of clients. According to the article, the regulated tariff lost 2.5 million clients due to the energy crises. This exodus reflects the consumers' distrust in the face of tariff instability.
In addition to the price spikes, the Spanish electricity market also recorded hundreds of hours with prices at zero euros or even negative prices, which further aggravated the volatility that characterizes the PVPC and made it difficult to retain consumers to this regulated tariff.
