Melasma is a skin condition characterized by the appearance of darkened areas on the face, and although sun exposure is an aggravating factor, it is not the only cause. The condition has a multifactorial origin and can be influenced by hormonal changes, genetic predisposition, heat, inflammation, and exposure to visible light. Therefore, simply reducing sun exposure is not always sufficient to prevent the appearance or return of the spots.
In recent years, new studies on the topic have brought important evidence. An international consensus published in 2025 in the Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology (JEADV) reinforces that melasma treatment should be individualized, considering the characteristics of each case and the available scientific evidence. The document was developed by 40 specialists from 11 countries, bringing together different perspectives on the approach to the condition.
