PISA 2025: Portugal retreats in education and inequalities continue to weigh on performance

Portugal arrived at 2015 as a success case in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), after fifteen years of consistent improvement in its results. Ten years later, the picture is different: Portugal's results fell in all three areas assessed by PISA. Portuguese students lost the equivalent of more than a year and a half of learning in both Mathematics and Reading, which represents a significant setback compared to the gains achieved in previous decades. Students' socioeconomic background continues to weigh on school performance, showing that inequalities remain a determining factor in Portugal's educational outcomes.